Technologies in teaching English writing to university students

The skill of writing is one that many university students studying English find most difficult, and teachers usually don't have enough time to provide each student with detailed comments. There are now a large number of digital tools available which claim to help, ranging from shared Google Docs to automated grammar checkers and AI chatbots. In this article, which is based on literature, I examine how these technologies can be used to teach writing to university students at a level of B1 to B2 in Uzbekistan. Seven peer-reviewed sources were compared using a literature matrix, and the analysis is guided by three simple questions: who we are teaching, what we are teaching and how we are teaching it. The key conclusion is that technology is most effective when it supports each of the stages of the writing process, rather than when it does the writing for the student. On this basis, I propose a five-stage cycle that combines online tools with feedback from both peers and teachers.